What is PM2.5 and Why You Should Care
PM2.5 refers to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers. These particles are small enough to be inhaled into the respiratory system, where they can cause various health problems, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. PM2.5 can come from multiple sources, including power plants, factories, motor vehicles, wildfires, and other sources of air pollution.
Where Do PM2.5 Come From
Fine particles, also known as delicate particulate matter, are less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter. These particles can be inhaled into the respiratory system and have adverse effects. We want to help, and we want you to know.
Due to the combustion of fossil fuels, power plants, motor vehicles, and airplanes are all significant sources of fine particles. Residential wood burning, forest fires, and agricultural burning contribute to fine particle pollution. Volcanic eruptions and dust storms can also release fine particles into the air.
Why Are PM2.5 Dangerous
Fine particles can also be formed through chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Dioxide emitted from power plants can react with oxygen and water droplets to form sulfuric acid, which can become a fine particle. This is known as secondary particle formation. Fine particle pollution can have negative impacts on human health.
24-Hour PM2.5 Levels (μg/m3) Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
It is important to note that these levels are just a general guideline and that the actual grade at which health effects occur can vary depending on a person’s sensitivity and other factors such as overall health, age, and exposure to other pollutants. It is always best to consult with a healthcare provider if you have concerns about the air quality and its potential effects on your health.
How to Protect Yourself Against PM 2.5
When the amount of PM2.5 is at an unhealthy level, take these steps to reduce exposure and protect your health:
- Stay indoors and close all windows and openings that allow polluted air to enter when possible.
- Turn on an air purifier that is equipped with a HEPA filter. Only a HEPA filter can effectively remove fine particles from the air.
- Most air filters in air conditioners are not HEPA filters as the latter will reduce air intake and require the motor to work harder to push/pull air through. But an air conditioner is still helpful when fresh air intake is limited as it helps to circulate air and cool down (or warm up) room temperature.
- When most or all windows are closed, do not burn candles or incense or operate devices that emit smoke or gas to prevent harmful particles and gas (such as carbon monoxide) from building up.
- If you are a road warrior who must drive in all weather conditions, get an actual air purifier for your car with at least HEPA and activated carbon filters. An average car filter can’t remove traffic exhaust properly, let alone microscopic particles.
- If the air pollution is expected to last for many days, consider moving to an unaffected location.
- Boost your body’s resistance against PM2.5 by increasing your intake of these nutrients.
- If you must go outdoors, make it short and quick, and wear an N95 or higher face mask.
